Marijuana
Marijuana is as addictive as alcohol. Approximately 10% of people who smoke marijuana will get addicted to it.[1, 2] That means 90% of people can use it recreationally. But for the other 10%, marijuana is not a harmless herb. They will have difficulty controlling their use, and they will continue to use even though it has negative consequences to their life. Every day people enter rehab programs or go to a 12-step groups to deal with their marijuana addiction.
One study looked at 2,446 young adults between the ages of 14 to 24, and followed them for a period of 4 years. Approximately 10% met the criteria for marijuana addiction. 17% experienced withdrawal when they stopped using, 14% had difficulty controlling their use, and 13% continued to use even though they had health problems due to their marijuana use.[3]
Look at the self-test questionnaire page to see if you have an addiction.
Cross Addiction
Marijuana is one of the most difficult drugs to give up. Not because it's more addictive than other drugs, but because addicts are more reluctant to let it go. They see it as their final vice.
If you want to recover from addiction, you also have to stop using marijuana. If you continue to use marijuana, you're saying that you don't want to change your life and you don't want to learn new ways to relax, escape, and reward yourself, which means nothing will have changed.
The Consequences of Marijuana Use
Significant brain abnormalities were found in 18 to 25 year-olds who smoked marijuana at least once a week. The abnormalities were in the emotion and reward centers of the brain. This suggests that even casual marijuana use can increase the chance of developing other addictions later on, and may affect people’s ability to feel and deal with emotions.[4]
Marijuana is neurotoxic to the adolescent brain. One study followed over 1,000 individuals who began using marijuana as adolescents. The study compared their IQ at 13 and 38 years old. During this period IQ would normally remain stable or slightly increase. But for regular marijuana users their IQ declined by 6 points on average. Furthermore, stopping marijuana use did not fully restore the damage. The authors conclude that marijuana is neurotoxic to the adolescent brain.[5]
Marijuana users are 4 times more likely to develop depression. One study looked at 1,920 people, and followed them for 16 years. It discovered that people who smoked marijuana were 4 times more likely to develop depression.[6]
Another study looked at 1,601 students aged 14 to 15 and followed them for seven years. Approximately 60% of the students had used marijuana by the age of 20, and 7% had become daily users. The young women of the group who were daily users had a five times greater chance of developing depression.[7]
Marijuana almost triples the chance of developing psychotic symptoms. A 3-year study followed 4,045 psychosis-free people. It came to the conclusion that marijuana smokers are three times more likely to develop psychotic symptoms (including manic-depression) than non-smokers.[8]
Marijuana and Pain Control
Marijuana is no more effective in controlling pain than codeine. One study reviewed 9 clinical trials that compared marijuana with other pain medication in a total of 222 patients. The study looked at 5 cancer pain trials, 2 chronic non-malignant pain trials, and 2 acute postoperative pain trials. The review showed that marijuana was no more effective in controlling pain than 60-120 mg of codeine. But it also showed that marijuana had more side effects than codeine including the fact that it caused more depression.[9]
Recovery and Relapse Prevention Strategies
If you have decided that you are addicted, this is your opportunity to change your life. Learn more about recovery skills and relapse prevention strategies in the following pages. You can recover from addiction and be happier.
More Mental Health Information …
The book “I Want to Change My Life.” contains more information on how to overcome anxiety, depression, and addiction.
References
- Lopez-Quintero, C., Perez de los Cobos, J., Hasin, D. S., Okuda, M., et al., Probability and predictors of transition from first use to dependence on nicotine, alcohol, cannabis, and cocaine: results of the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC). Drug Alcohol Depend, 2011. 115(1-2): p. 120-30. PMC3069146.
- Florez-Salamanca, L., Secades-Villa, R., Hasin, D. S., Cottler, L., et al., Probability and predictors of transition from abuse to dependence on alcohol, cannabis, and cocaine: results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse, 2013. 39(3): p. 168-79. PMC3755735.
- Nocon, A., Wittchen, H. U., Pfister, H., Zimmermann, P., et al., Dependence symptoms in young cannabis users? A prospective epidemiological study. J Psychiatr Res, 2006. 40(5): p. 394-403.
- Gilman, J. M., Kuster, J. K., Lee, S., Lee, M. J., et al., Cannabis use is quantitatively associated with nucleus accumbens and amygdala abnormalities in young adult recreational users. J Neurosci, 2014. 34(16): p. 5529-38.
- Meier, M. H., Caspi, A., Ambler, A., Harrington, H., et al., Persistent cannabis users show neuropsychological decline from childhood to midlife. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 2012. 109(40): p. E2657-64.
- Bovasso, G. B., Cannabis abuse as a risk factor for depressive symptoms. Am J Psychiatry, 2001. 158(12): p. 2033-7.
- Patton, G. C., Coffey, C., Carlin, J. B., Degenhardt, L., et al., Cannabis use and mental health in young people: cohort study. BMJ, 2002. 325(7374): p. 1195-8.
- van Os, J., Bak, M., Hanssen, M., Bijl, R. V., et al., Cannabis use and psychosis: a longitudinal population-based study. Am J Epidemiol, 2002. 156(4): p. 319-27.
- Campbell, F. A., Tramer, M. R., Carroll, D., Reynolds, D. J., et al., Are cannabinoids an effective and safe treatment option in the management of pain? A qualitative systematic review. BMJ, 2001. 323(7303): p. 13-6.